Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, is a condition affecting millions of individuals. Left unmanaged, it can contribute to serious health risks, including heart disease and stroke. Internal medicine plays a significant role in addressing hypertension through targeted strategies and ongoing patient care. Here is more information on the relationship between internal medicine and hypertension and how this condition is managed:
What Is Internal Medicine?
Internal medicine focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting adults. Physicians specializing in this field, often called internists, are trained to manage conditions that impact various organ systems. Their broad skill set allows them to oversee chronic illnesses, provide preventive care, and address complex health issues.
What Is Hypertension?
Hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by sustained pressure in the blood vessels. It occurs when the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high, leading to potential health risks. Blood pressure is measured by using two numbers: systolic and diastolic. A reading consistently above 130/80 mmHg typically indicates hypertension.
Often referred to as the “silent killer,” hypertension may not present noticeable symptoms until it causes severe complications. Untreated high blood pressure can lead to heart disease, stroke, or kidney problems over time. Regular check-ups and monitoring are beneficial in understanding and controlling this condition.
What Are the Causes and Symptoms?
Hypertension can arise from various factors. Primary hypertension, the most common type, develops gradually over time and is often influenced by genetics, aging, or lifestyle choices. Secondary hypertension is typically linked to specific causes such as kidney disease, hormonal imbalances, or certain medications.
While symptoms are not always present, some individuals may experience headaches, dizziness, or shortness of breath. Persistent symptoms may indicate advanced hypertension and require prompt medical evaluation. Consulting a professional helps with diagnosis and treatment.
How Is It Managed in Internal Medicine?
Internal medicine approaches hypertension through a combination of lifestyle changes and medical treatment. Internists evaluate each patient’s unique needs and health profile. They then determine the most suitable management strategies.
Lifestyle Adjustments
Lifestyle changes often serve as the foundation for managing hypertension. Weight loss is a key factor, as losing even a small percentage of body weight can reduce blood pressure. Regular physical activity helps maintain cardiovascular health and regulate blood pressure.
Dietary modifications also play a central role. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan is commonly recommended, focusing on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while reducing salt intake. Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and smoking cessation are also helpful in controlling blood pressure and promoting overall health.
Medication-Based Treatment
If lifestyle adjustments alone aren’t lowering your blood pressure enough, other strategies may be evaluated. Internists prescribe medication for patients whose blood pressure remains elevated despite lifestyle adjustments. Medication helps regulate blood pressure by targeting specific mechanisms within the body.
Internists work closely with patients to determine the most effective medication regimen. They also engage in monitoring for side effects. This tailored approach balances controlling hypertension and maintaining quality of life.
Learn More Today
Hypertension is a complex condition that requires a well-rounded approach to management. Internal medicine provides a foundation for addressing high blood pressure through targeted lifestyle adjustments and medical treatment. By working with an internist, patients can benefit from expert care and guidance tailored to their specific health needs. If you or a family member are living with hypertension, reach out to a specialist in internal medicine to discuss potential management strategies.
